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Does your Family Make You Smarter?: Nature, Nurture, and Human Autonomy, by James R. Flynn
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Does your family make you smarter? James R. Flynn presents an exciting new method for estimating the effects of family on a range of cognitive abilities. Rather than using twin and adoption studies, he analyses IQ tables that have been hidden in manuals over the last 65 years, and shows that family environment can confer a significant advantage or disadvantage to your level of intelligence. Wading into the nature vs. nurture debate, Flynn banishes the pessimistic notion that by the age of seventeen, people's cognitive abilities are solely determined by their genes. He argues that intelligence is also influenced by human autonomy - genetics and family notwithstanding, we all have the capacity to choose to enhance our cognitive performance. He concludes by reconciling this new understanding of individual differences with his earlier research on intergenerational trends (the 'Flynn effect') culminating in a general theory of intelligence.
- Sales Rank: #446473 in Books
- Published on: 2016-05-31
- Released on: 2016-06-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .59" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 272 pages
Review
"Another superb piece of work by the best mind in the business. The analysis of data is penetrating, the elaboration of its meaning highly illuminating, and the discourse on theories of intelligence is a feast for the mind."
Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr, Winner of the Dobzhansky Memorial Award for a Lifetime of Outstanding Scholarship in Behavior Genetics
"Another amazing analysis of IQ data by James Flynn! As author of the Stanford-Binet 5, I have admired Flynn's work for many years. I highly recommend his new book that shines new light on the life-course of intelligence."
Gale H. Roid, author of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th edition
"James Flynn takes up one of the most important questions in the social sciences - what is left of human autonomy in the genomic age? - and lays out the optimistic case with full acknowledgment of the technical difficulties his argument must surmount. This is the way that we are going to make progress: by engaging an evolving state of knowledge with logic and data, transparently clear prose, and unfailing civility."
Charles Murray, co-author of The Bell Curve
"Few intellectuals have grappled honestly with the problems surrounding the causes and effects of intelligence, and fewer still have done so with as much incisiveness and originality as James Flynn."
Steven Pinker, Harvard University
"Professor Flynn has a remarkable ability to explain complex concepts in a way so rational and logical that it seems, after the event, we should be kicking ourselves for overlooking the obvious. His chapter on the Raven's Progressive Matrices is brilliant."
John Rust, Director of The Psychometrics Centre, University of Cambridge, and co-author of Raven's Progressive Matrices
"James Flynn, as much as anyone, can take credit for ushering in the age of enlightenment in our understanding of the nature of human intelligence. In this latest chapter, we learn how our families can either advantage or disadvantage us, and how our choices can either foster or impede our intellectual performance."
Joshua Aronson, New York University
About the Author
James R. Flynn is Professor Emeritus at the University of Otago, New Zealand, and a recipient of the University's Gold Medal for Distinguished Career Research. He is renowned for the 'Flynn effect', the documentation of massive IQ gains from one generation to another. Professor Flynn is the author of 12 books, including Are We Getting Smarter? (Cambridge, 2012), Where Have All the Liberals Gone? (Cambridge, 2008) and What Is Intelligence? (Cambridge, 2007), which caused many to rethink the prevailing theory of intelligence.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
A Broad and Technical Survey of "Intelligence"
By bill greene
James Flynn has written a number of innovative books on the subject of IQ’s. In this book, Flynn never answers the question posed, since he argues that the family's environmental effect diminishes over time, although the parent's genetics remain? His most well know finding is that IQ scores for each successive generation in advanced nations have continued to rise over the last century. This rise in scores, however, represents a rise in abstract thinking over concrete thinking because schools and tests have been slanted to reward the former over the latter. Like most Ph.D’s, the author is a great advocate of abstract cognitive abilities, although he acknowledges, but downplays, the numerous other personal talents that actually determine success in the modern world
The book provides the reader with useful coverage of other theories on intelligence as advanced by almost a dozen writers, including Howard Gardner, who has argued that each individual has “multiple intelligences.” These writers point to people skills, musical talent, kinesthetic, spatial, and empathy as talents equal to IQ. Flynn acknowledges that these supportive traits are similar to Robert Sternberg’s “practical intelligence,” and could be expanded to include Albert Bandura’s emphasis on motivation, self-control, and a sense of self-efficacy.” However, he never elevates them to the level he holds for IQ scores. (Note that in the real world, recruiters looking to fill job openings, look for Bandura’s talents: ambition, curiosity, grit, humility, hustle, and resourcefulness)
For those readers interested in a less academic approach, and more emphasis on the non IQ traits that Flynn basically ignores, read Thomas J. Stanley’s two books on self-made millionaires. His findings are that most of their success was founded on five personal characteristics: Integrity, self-discipline, getting along with people, a supportive spouse, and hard work. Most were average students in school. A number of scholars have shown that such things as emotional restraint and persistence are partly inherited and more important than grades or IQ in predicting success. Flynn hesitates on that, concluding that: “we must wait for direct genetic evidence: identification of the combination of genes that affect various kinds of cognition,” until we know that certain combinations lead to either superior or inferior performance. He thus remains politically correct—that the people of all groups are on average of equal cognitive ability—but differing environments and sub-cultures cause their IQ differences.
Flynn does concede that although the genes we are born with determine much of our cognitive ability, everyone has the opportunity, using their “autonomy,” to elevate their IQ scores by 10 percent: “children at school who try harder than most can upgrade their cognitive environment and reap important benefits.” The author doesn’t connect the dots, but what he is saying is that Bandura’s talents are essentially a part of one’s IQ because the possession of grit, curiosity, and hustle, (or the lack of those talents) can create a 20% swing up or down in one’s score.
The book has many fascinating nuggets that help a reader understand the complexity and wide range of human abilities. Flynn asserts that your genes determine the neural framework of your brain and its capacity to solve complex cognitive problems; the average intelligence of the human race has evolved by natural selection and will continue to do so; each succeeding generation differs little in genetic quality except for occasional changes caused by selective migration, mate selection, hybrid vigor, and catastrophes; but over many generations those with challenging cultures will gain in cognitive abilities; there are group differences in IQ caused by differing cultures and sub-cultures where both genes and environment impact their residents’ ability; today’s black American subculture has a poor cognitive quality that costs children 10-15 IQ points by the age of 8-9 years of age; nations that have gone from pre-modern cultures to full modern cultures will show an IQ gain of at least 36 points; and that that differential reflects the cumulative gains of generations of people who evolved through the Industrial Revolution compared to those who have not.
Flynn does indicate in two paragraphs early in the book that while family effects on intelligence diminish over time, the family’s role may be vital by avoiding mishaps during childhood that would impair a child’s future: Avoiding drugs, finishing high school, avoiding pregnancy, staying out of teen age gangs, and stealing, are all vices “that mean you will start your adult life not only with obvious strikes against you but also with attitudes, and emotions, and traits that color your whole life. . .Intelligence is not everything.” It is refreshing that this common wisdom is interjected but it would be better if more attention had been devoted to that important role of family and that instilling certain attitudes and moral behavior is arguably more important than a big vocabulary.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
don't use the twin effect to counter the Flynn effect
By William S Jamison
The scope of this inquiry is less than the overall success of individuals but aimed at a narrower focus limited to measurable IQ scores - which can of course affect success but except for pointing out intelligence isn't everything, does not attempt to explore everything else. (For an interesting explanation of the solution to this paradox see his book What is Intelligence? page 18.) The target of the book is the message of the twin literature which may be misleading and can result in a pessimistic outlook on the part of those who would like to advance beyond the limits of their given family life and circumstances. To this the good news is you can go beyond that and at least reach the level your genes "intended" provided you use your own autonomy to do the things that will increase your IQ. These include things like not only joining a library club but more especially loving to read. The significance of family influence whether positive or negative can be detrimental in your SAT scores, for example, which can limit what kind of university you enter and what profession you achieve. What families influence most is vocabulary. After 17 the influence of the family drops off and you can level off at the range permitted by your genes. So the answer is that your family can make you smarter but only up to a certain point at which time you are free for good or bad to better yourself or not. So don't use the twin effect to counter the Flynn effect.
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