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The delicious true story of the early chocolate pioneers by the award-winning writer, and direct descendant of the famous chocolate dynasty, Deborah Cadbury In 'Chocolate Wars' bestselling historian and award-winning documentary maker Deborah Cadbury takes a journey into her own family history to uncover the rivalries that have driven 250 years of chocolate empire-building. In the early nineteenth century Richard Tapper Cadbury sent his son, John, to London to study a new and exotic commodity: cocoa. Within a generation, John's sons, Richard and George, had created a chocolate company to rival the great English firms of Fry and Rowntree, and their European competitors Lindt and Nestle. The major English firms were all Quaker family enterprises, and their business aims were infused with religious idealism. In America, Milton Hershey and Forrest Mars proved that they had the appetite for business on a huge scale, and successfully resisted the English companies' attempts to master the American market. As chocolate companies raced to compete around the globe, Quaker capitalism met a challenge that would eventually defeat it. At the turn of the millennium Cadbury, the sole independent survivor of England's chocolate dynasties, became the world's largest confectionary company. But before long it too faced a threat to its very survival, and the chocolate wars culminated in a multi-billion pound showdown pitting independence and Quaker tradition against the cut-throat tactics of a corporate leviathan. Featuring a colourful cast of savvy entrepreneurs, brilliant eccentrics and resourceful visionaries, 'Chocolate Wars' is the story of a uniquely alluring product and of the evolution, for better and worse, of modern business.
- Sales Rank: #2398515 in Books
- Published on: 2011-06-01
- Format: International Edition
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.76" h x .98" w x 5.12" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
Review
'What emerges from Deborah Cadbury's vibrant history is the growing importance of advertising, the birth of brands and the impact of the financial markets' appetite for profit over national interest or social welfare...most poignant is her portrait of an impressive pair of brothers...engaging and scholarly, confident and compassionate...less a family biography than an impressively thought-provoking parable for our times' Daily Telegraph 'This is history, brought bang up to date, in the hands of a master chocolatier-storyteller' Evening Standard 'There are fascinating things here...I relished the story of chocolate itself' Observer 'Clear, readable and richly detailed' Sunday Times
About the Author
Deborah Cadbury is the highly acclaimed, bestselling author of several books, including 'The Dinosaur Hunters', 'The Lost King of France', and 'Seven Wonders of the Industrial World'. She has also won numerous international awards as a TV producer for the BBC, including an Emmy for 'Horizon'. She lives in London.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
How greed took over good intentions
By Buddha Baby
This is Deborah Cadbury of THE Cadbury family. �She writes about Cadbury, Hershey, Nestle, and �other companies and the development of chocolate as a food product. �It begins with people wondering what to do with this bean to make money with it. �It includes information about developing these products, finding the cocoa beans, growing the beans in new locales around the world, marketing to different cultures i.e. convincing people they need it and on and on and is fascinating. �For me the most interesting part however, was about the business models used. �I learned how a business can grow from that one individual businessman with decent morals, to an international corporation willing to use slave labor for a buck. �Is it grow or die or are their alternatives? �My favorite quotation:
"The problem with the way we have developed our system of shareholder capitalism is that the shareholder is being divorced from his role in ownership," explains Sir Dominic Cadbury, the last family chairman.
Cadbury and a few other chocolate makers were practicing Quakers and wanted to use their business in service of their faith.��Some of their guiding beliefs for business are:
Keep your word.
Do not go into debt or bankruptcy.
Watch over other Quaker businesses and advise their owners when they appear to be in trouble or making poor or unethical�
decisions, and take influence from them yourself.
As the Industrial Revolution built momentum, they were warned against paper credit and that warning was added to their written guidelines.
They had meetings monthly with other Quaker business leaders and discussed business principles, check �that their ethics and beliefs are �in line with their actions and if not, after repeated warnings were given, they would be disowned by the Society of Friends. �As wealth grew, additional guidelines were added warning Friends that accumulation of riches for oneself was not acceptable. �Annually they met with other Quaker business leaders from a larger geographic area requiring travel, to address these ideas also. �They thus developed written ethical guidelines and business guidelines and helped each other succeed financially also. �As wealth continued to build, guidelines were also written for children of rich Quakers to ensure they were not corrupted. �
Of course those are basically just decent principles for living, right? This book is the story of the attempt to fulfill that Quaker purpose. ��Many succeeded as did the Cadburys initially, but when problems continued to arise with the growth of industrialization, the first break for the Cadburys with their ethics was they began advertising. �Other companies were having great success advertising already, and Cadbury joined in. �They believed they were selling an excellent product in their drinking chocolate that was both good for health, and an optional substitute for alcohol which was causing great problems. �In this way they justified their decision to advertise, but it was a definite break from their religious ethics.
Some other things these Quaker businessmen did was build housing for their employees and help them to buy them. �The housing community areas �included green space, gardens (with gardeners to teach them how to raise food), swimming pools, tennis courts and other amenities. �Cadbury also provided education and health care. �These sound admirable at first glance, but seem to some to be rather paternalistic. �How about you pay your employees a fair living wage so that they can afford to choose their own housing, education and medical care? �The Cadburys and others also did much philanthropical work but again, how about you pay people enough that they don't need your charity? �This idea is also addressed in the book with a quotation from a theologian from Dartmouth, William Jewitt Tucker, "I can conceive of no greater mistake, more disastrous in the end to religion, if not to society, than of trying to make charity do the work of justice."
There are just a multitude of ideas in this book that are so important, and really have not changed today. �As the Cadburys (and other families also) attempt to do good things, they keep getting stymied. �This might be a good place to discuss the existence of altruism - is there such a thing? At any rate, they are almost universally stymied in their efforts, whether altruistic or not. �For example, they learn that slavery is being used by their cocoa bean sources. �When they decide to �boycott those growers, or go to another supplier, the British government suggest that other buyers will just take their place, whereas if they wait and work with the British government they can put pressure on the Portuguese government to not �only end slavery but reform labor practices holistically. �Cadbury agrees to do this somewhat undercover, but word gets out and they are crucified in the press for not boycotting immediately. �Again, when Cadbury decides to buy a newspaper or two to disseminate information (read propaganda) supporting their beliefs, that is antiwar and pro labor, they are again accused of hypocrisy when it is made known that their newspaper has continued advertising for gambling, while they preach against it. �Cadbury believed the paper would go bankrupt without that advertising (based on previous experiences) and decided it would be better to have a paper with gambling info and antiwar sentiments, rather than just the one paper with gambling advertising and pro war sentiments. �
Cadbury also addresses the effects of two world wars on business. �When WWI began, Cadbury put a lot thought of thought into what would be the appropriate use for a Quaker's wealth under those circumstances. �One of the things that came out of that was ambulance support and workers. �I can appreciate conscientious objectors, but what does this ambulance support mean? �I support your war enough to risk my life taking care of you but not to kill someone else, only to make it easier for YOU to kill someone else? �Interesting interpretation.
The end of the story is basically, everyone gets taken over and becomes too large to be accountable. �What remains today of the philanthropy or good works of Cadbury and I believe Hershey also, are trusts that are separate from the business.
If you look at corporations today and wonder how the heck we got in this greedy mess, with CEOs who make 300 times what their workers do, this is a good example of how it all works. �4.5 stars - would have been 5 but it was sometimes hard to track the info and stories because of the breadth of info. �I haven't even begun to touch on the material covered in this book..
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
... the fascinating story of the Quaker families behind the great British confectionary brands
By David
This is the fascinating story of the Quaker families behind the great British confectionary brands, Rowntree, Fry, and, of course, Cadbury, whose legacy is not just famous chocolate brands, but the model garden villages of Bournville and New Earswick, and an array of worthy charitable endeavours. The book also tells of the domestic and international marketplace battles with the Swiss and American giants, Nestle, Mars, Hershey etc., whose founding stories and colourful characters are also vividly described. It culminates with the story of the 2010 Kraft takeover of Cadbury, and raises a number of thought provoking questions about business culture, corporation law, the role of hedge funds in corporate takeovers, the benefits and challenges of globalisation, ownership and stewardship, and short term and sustainable value to shareholders and wider business stakeholders. Deborah Cadbury makes a subtle and often implicit case for a better way of doing business, without becoming overly didactic, and the tales of her forebears are always interesting and often inspiring.
One cautionary note: the book may leave you craving a Flake, Curly Wurly, or Fry's Chocolate Cream, which may be frustrating if residing in a clime where such staples of civilised life are not readily available. Thankfully, however, it seems these can be ordered via Amazon.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
History and Nostalgia
By Sheilab
I was a high school student in the 60's in the old campus of Camp Hill Grammar School in Birmingham and nostalgically remember the odor of hot chocolate wafting over us from Bournville as we sat in the playground during a lunch break. I organized a final year visit to the factory, when we traveled, in school uniform, to savor the delights of watching the process of chocolate-making (an experience that was unavailable for my own children during the late 70's and early 80's when hygiene regulations forbade the direct presence of outside visitors on the factory floor). After following the process from liquid chocolate vats to the colorful wrapping of the final product we were led into a dining room were we each received a drink of hot cocoa and a tin box full of a variety of chocolates and chocolate biscuits. The box was in the familiar colors of Cadbury’s popular chocolate milk bar.
This book has given me both nostalgic pleasure and an understanding of the history of the development of my favorite “food”.
I was unaware of the Quaker origins of Cadbury’s and other rival companies. It is so very interesting to read of the principles on which the founding fathers based their commercial dealings and the successes they achieved, sometimes despite these ideologies. That Richard Cadbury felt it necessary to disinherit his children in 1914 was influenced by his Quaker upbringing that frowned upon money not earned by one’s own efforts. Much of his life was devoted to alleviating the suffering of the poor and he was one of the first to build cities away from the large towns, offering his workers the opportunity to live in a healthy environment away from their slum dwelling origins. It is disappointing that neither Cadbury’s nor any other British chocolate firm is still UK owned.
It is a book which held my interest throughout and I would recommend it to those who enjoy reading about History and the strong influence of religious principles which impact the direction of commercial development.
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